Final answer:
The classical orders—Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, & Composite—characterize styles of classical architecture by columns and entablatures. The term that characterizes these styles based on their architectural features is 'Order'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The styles of classical architecture you mentioned—Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, & Composite—are characterized by the type and arrangement of columns and entablatures and are known collectively as the classical orders. These orders are a key element in ancient Greek and Roman architecture and are distinguished by their proportions, profiles, and architectural details, particularly the design of the column and capital. The Doric order is the oldest and simplest with a plain, unadorned capital and a fluted column that does not rest on a base. The Ionic order is recognized by its volutes and columns with bases. The Corinthian order, known for its ornate capitals decorated with acanthus leaves, represents a more advanced stage in classical architecture. Tuscan is a simplified version of the Doric order, and the Composite order combines elements of the Ionic and Corinthian orders.
So, to identify the term that characterizes these styles of classical architecture by the type and arrangement of columns and entablatures, the correct answer is: b. Order.