Final answer:
A pedestal is the construction upon which a column, statue, memorial shaft, or the like is elevated. It consists of a base, a dado, and a cornice or cap to provide stability and emphasize the importance of the object it holds.
Step-by-step explanation:
The construction upon which a column, statue, memorial shaft, or the like is elevated is called a pedestal. It typically consists of a base, a dado, and a cornice or cap. The pedestal acts as a support for the vertical structure and helps to elevate and emphasize the importance of the object it holds.
For example, in Classical architecture, engaged columns are attached to the wall and become part of the wall they support. The structure above the columns, called the entablature, includes the cornice, frieze, and architrave. The pedestal provides a solid foundation for the engaged columns and helps to create a unified and visually appealing composition.
Overall, the pedestal plays a crucial role in the construction of columns, statues, memorials, and other vertical structures, providing stability and enhancing their visual impact.