Final answer:
Augustus did not build an opulent palace for himself, that characterization is inaccurate. His building program was public-spirited, introducing new materials, standardizing columns, and setting building standards.
Step-by-step explanation:
The characteristic of Augustus' building program in Rome that is not true is C) Built an opulent palace for himself. Augustus' building program in Rome focused on revitalizing the city and reinforcing the ideals of the new Roman Empire. Augustus, wary of being perceived as an authoritarian ruler or king, maintained a facade of republicanism while exercising his power as princeps. Instead of creating an ostentatious residence for himself, he emphasized public works and dedicated his efforts to projects that would enhance the city, such as the Ara Pacis, which embodied the Augustan messages of peace and prosperity. He established the Praetorian Guard, a police force for security, and undertook projects that introduced a new richness of materials, standardizing column sizes, and setting the parameters and scale for future imperial buildings.