Final answer:
Washing hands with soap and water is essential when hands are visibly dirty or greasy, possibly contaminated with spores, and notably in the healthcare field before and after patient contact or invasive procedures. This method is more thorough than using an alcohol-based hand rub.
Step-by-step explanation:
In certain situations, it is necessary to wash hands with soap and water instead of using an alcohol-based hand rub. This is particularly critical if your hands have potentially been exposed to spores (such as Clostridium difficile or Bacillus anthracis), which are not killed by alcohol-based products. You should use soap and water if your hands might be contaminated with these or similar hard-to-kill microorganisms. Additionally, washing with soap and water is preferred when hands are visibly dirty or greasy, which can happen in situations like cooking, playing sports, gardening, or performing outdoor activities.
When washing your hands with soap and water, there are specific steps to follow: First, wet your hands with clean, running water (warm or cold), turn off the tap, and apply soap. Then, lather and rub your hands together to ensure coverage of all surfaces, including the backs of your hands, between your fingers, and under your nails. Rinse thoroughly under clean, running water from the wrist to the fingertips. Finally, dry your hands completely with a clean towel or by using an air dryer.
It is crucial for everyone, especially those working in healthcare, to also wash hands meticulously before and after certain activities to prevent the spread of pathogens. These activities include direct patient contact, removal of gloves, contact with bodily fluids, and before and after invasive procedures. For the general public, hand hygiene is especially important before preparing or eating food, after using the toilet, and when caring for someone who is sick or touching shared surfaces and objects.