Final answer:
The nurse should use an Incident report to document and manage the adverse effects experienced by a client after receiving new medication, which assists in quality improvement and risk management in healthcare settings.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is asking which communication tool a nurse should use when a client is experiencing adverse effects from a new medication. Among the options provided, the correct answer is a) Incident report. An incident report is a formal documentation of the occurrence of an unexpected event such as a medication error or an adverse reaction, which is critical for quality improvement and risk management in healthcare settings. It serves several purposes: it provides a factual account of what happened, helps to identify reasons for the incident, contributes to the development of strategies to prevent future similar events, and is used for legal and regulatory reasons if necessary. Chart notes would include the client's response to the medication as part of their medical record, but the incident report specifically addresses the adverse event. A verbal handoff report and email communication might be used to communicate the situation to other staff members, but these do not replace the formal process of incident reporting.