Question

Chemical and physical weathering are commonly complementary because

1. physical weathering increases the surface area of rock that can be attacked chemically
2. chemical weathering commonly alters the rock to softer minerals that can be weathered more easily physically
3. the minerals making up chemically weathered rock are not as well consolidated, making the rock easier to weather physically
4. all of the above
5. none of the above

Answer 1

Chemical and physical weathering are complementary because physical weathering increases rock surface area, chemical weathering softens minerals making them easier to physically weather, and these weakened rocks are less well consolidated.

Step-by-step explanation:

Chemical and physical weathering are commonly complementary processes that sculpt the Earth's landscape. Physical weathering increases the surface area of rock, making it more susceptible to chemical weathering. This is because when rocks are fractured and broken down into smaller pieces, there is more surface for water and other chemical agents to interact with. Conversely, chemical weathering can break down rocks into softer, less consolidated minerals, which are then more easily fragmented by physical weathering. This interplay enhances the overall efficiency of weathering and soil formation. As rocks go through cycles of freezing and thawing, wetting and drying, they expand and contract, leading to further mechanical breakup. Meanwhile, water, which is a key agent in chemical weathering, facilitates the dissolution and alteration of various minerals. Over time, these intertwined processes contribute to the creation of soil horizons and fertile grounds for ecosystems.

In the context of the options provided, all of the above statements are correct. Each point details a fundamental way in which physical and chemical weathering complement each other, leading to continuous landscape and soil evolution.