Final answer:
The community health nurse should educate the client about the airborne nature of tuberculosis, the need for household members to take isoniazid prophylactically, and the importance of completing the full course of prescribed antibiotics. Cleaning with bleach is a general disinfection practice, but not specifically for TB.
Step-by-step explanation:
A community health nurse should include several key pieces of information when teaching a client who has been newly diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis about disease transmission. It is essential to communicate that tuberculosis is an airborne disease, primarily spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks. One important precaution is for the client to wear a respiratory mask and isolate themselves, especially when around other people during the initial period of treatment, to prevent the spread of the disease. Importantly, household members should also take precautions, which may include prophylactic treatment with isoniazid for at least 6 months to prevent potential latent tuberculosis from becoming active.
It's also crucial to maintain good hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing and proper cleaning within the household. However, the recommendation about cleaning bathroom fixtures with a chlorine bleach solution is not specific to tuberculosis; it is a general infection control measure that is more applicable to other types of infections like HBV. The use of antibiotics, such as isoniazid and rifampin, is essential for the treatment of TB and helps to prevent the development of drug-resistant strains of the bacterium. It is important that the client understands the necessity of completing the full course of antibiotics, even if they feel better, to prevent a recurrence of the infection.