Final answer:
An ayatollah is a high-ranking Shia cleric with extensive knowledge in Islamic faith and Sharia law, often holding significant religious and political influence in Iran such as the position of 'Supreme Leader'. The correct answer is option a.
Step-by-step explanation:
Definition of an Ayatollah
An ayatollah is a high-ranking title within the Shia branch of Islam, bestowed upon those clerics who have achieved significant scholarly expertise and are considered experts in the Islamic faith and the Sharia, the Muslim code of law derived from the Quran.
This title is a part of the religious and political structure of Iran, where the role of an ayatollah can have significant influence on the governance of the country. In modern-day Iran, the title of 'Supreme Leader' is held by an ayatollah, who wields significant power over the state and is regarded as the ultimate religious authority.
Following the Iranian Revolution in 1979, the country reshaped its political system to become an Islamic republic. Ayatollah Khomeini became the first Supreme Leader of Iran, a position that he held until his death in 1989. The religious authority of an ayatollah includes interpreting the Quran and hadith, leading the community in religious matters, and providing guidance in both legal and social issues.
The correct option for the definition of an ayatollah is:
a) A religious leader of Iran