Final answer:
Excess energy-yielding nutrients are stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles or as fat in adipose tissue, while excess dietary fats are stored as triglycerides in adipose tissues.
Step-by-step explanation:
When we consume excess amounts of the energy-yielding nutrients, our bodies manage the surplus in different ways. If excess glucose is available and energy is not immediately required, the excess glucose is first stored as glycogen in the liver and muscle cells. However, when glycogen stores are at capacity, the additional glucose is converted into fatty acids through a process involving acetyl CoA. These fatty acids are then stored as fat in adipose tissue, which is composed of cells whose primary function is to store fat for later energy use. Excess dietary fats are also directly stored as triglycerides in these adipose tissues. Importantly, excess consumption of nutrients can lead to obesity and other health issues. The excess of these energy sources cannot be converted into essential amino acids, as the body cannot synthesize these amino acids from them, nor are they excreted as waste products in significant amounts.