Question

What were the terms of the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) and what were the long-term results of the Thirty Years War?

Answer 1

The Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 ended the Thirty Years' War and had long-term effects on Europe, including the rise of nation-states and the shift in power to France.

Step-by-step explanation:

The Treaty of Westphalia, signed in 1648, ended the Thirty Years' War in Europe. The terms of the treaty included:

1. All parties recognized the principle of cuius regio, eius religio, which allowed each ruler to determine the religion of their own territory.
2. The independence and sovereignty of various German states were recognized, marking the first steps towards the formation of modern nation-states.
3. France gained territory, including parts of Alsace and Lorraine, and solidified its status as a dominant power in Europe.
4. The peace negotiations led to the establishment of a new international order, based on the idea of a balance of power among European nations.

These long-term effects of the Thirty Years' War included the shift towards nation-states, the decline of the Holy Roman Empire, the rise of France as a major power, and the establishment of a new diplomatic system.