The detail linking feedback and performance is the one showing subjects improved concentration and performance when shown their engagement level, outperforming those without such feedback.
The detail from the passage that shows the connection the author makes between feedback and performance is D: ". ... subjects who were shown their engagement level while performing a task were able to learn to control their concentration and outperformed control groups while reporting a lower perceived workload." (paragraph 5).
This detail directly links feedback regarding a person's engagement level to their ability to improve their performance on a task. The ability to view and presumably interact with one's feedback leads to better concentration and overall performance, which is more effective than being part of a control group without such feedback.