Final answer:
The penalties for a convicted heretic varied depending on the time period and region. In early Christianity, it could result in execution, while later periods saw the use of torture and execution by the Papal Inquisition. Punishments could also include bodily mutilations, penal servitude, and seizure of property.
Step-by-step explanation:
The harsher penalties for a convicted heretic varied depending on the time period and region. In the early centuries of Christianity, the refusal to participate in the imperial cult was considered treason and punishable by execution. During the Great Persecution carried out by Diocletian, Christians faced arrests, torture, mutilation, burning, and condemnation to gladiatorial contests.
In later periods, religious homogeneity was imposed through torture and execution by the Office of Papal Inquisition. The use of torture on suspected heretics was authorized and those who didn't confess or prove their innocence faced execution, including being burned at the stake.
In different regions and eras, punishment for heresy could also include bodily mutilations, penal servitude, and seizure of property.