Final answer:
The cultural elements described in the passage are indicative of a Pacific Island society, characteristic of regions like Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. The correct option is A.
Step-by-step explanation:
The passage mentions several cultural elements such as a volcano goddess, grass skirts, flower necklaces, and folk tales about people spreading across the ocean. These elements are indicative of a Pacific Island society.
Societies in the Pacific, such as those in Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia, are known for having indigenous cultural elements like these, informed by their geography and history. In contrast, American Indian, African, and Asian societies exhibit different cultural hallmarks.
Hence, Option A is correct.