Final answer:
Compound interest involves earning interest on both the principal and accumulated interest, which can significantly increase the total amount compared to simple interest over time.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept we are discussing is compound interest, which is a calculation of interest on the initial principal as well as the accumulated interest of previous periods. To find it, you subtract the starting principal (P) from the accumulated balance (A) after a certain number of years (Y), using the provided formula. Using an example of a $100 principal with a 5% annual interest rate compounded annually over 3 years, the future value is $115.76, meaning the compound interest earned is $15.76. This illustrates that over time, especially with larger sums and longer periods, compound interest can accumulate significantly more than simple interest.