Final answer:
Artificial selection is the process whereby humans select specific genes or traits for reproduction in plants and animals, such as farmers choosing certain crop varieties, which is distinct from natural selection.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of selection that describes genes that are chosen by humans, such as farmers selecting specific types of crops, is known as artificial selection. In this process, humans intervene in the breeding of plants and animals by choosing individuals with desirable traits to reproduce. For example, a farmer may selectively breed cows that produce more milk. This is different from natural selection, where traits that aid survival and reproduction are selected by nature without human interference. When discussing sexual selection, it refers to a different type of natural selection that involves choosing mates based on certain traits that may not have a direct survival advantage but increase mating success. An example of this is peacocks, where males with more elaborate tails tend to attract more females.