Final answer:
Sandy's participation in a study where magnetic pulses are applied to her brain non-invasively through coils is best described as a Non-invasive technique. It differs from invasive surgical procedures as it does not require incisions or internal instrument insertion. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is an example of a non-invasive intervention used in research for treating brain disorders.
Step-by-step explanation:
The study Sandy is participating in, which involves applying magnetic pulses to her brain through copper wire coils positioned above her scalp, is best described as a Non-invasive technique. The reason it's considered non-invasive is because there's no breach of the body, such as through incisions or insertion of instruments, as would be the case in a surgical technique. In contrast, procedures like Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), which involve inserting electrodes into the brain, are invasive and can improve memory functions but have risks, including personality changes. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a non-invasive technique, is gaining traction in research for treating various disorders by inducing weak electric currents in the brain to affect electrical functioning within brain tissue.