Question

RNA Sequence Prediction:

RNA determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins and polypeptides by a two-step process: transcription of DNA produces mRNA in the nucleus, then translation of the mRNA to tRNA takes place in the ribosome in the cytoplasm. Check all correct elements below that you included in your prediction.
a) Two-step process: transcription and translation
b) Two types of RNA: mRNA and tRNA

Answer 1

RNA sequence prediction involves transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation by the ribosome, using mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA to synthesize proteins. Mutations can affect the sequence of proteins and may be caused by replication errors or environmental factors.

Step-by-step explanation:

The RNA sequence prediction process in cells is an intricate two-step operation, primarily involving transcription and translation. During transcription, DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) within the nucleus. This mRNA carries genetic instructions to the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. During translation, the sequence of amino acids in proteins and polypeptides is determined by the ribosome, a complex of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. Transfer RNA (tRNA), which carries amino acids, pairs its anti-codons with the codons on the mRNA strand to form a polypeptide chain. The rRNA assists in the formation of peptide bonds, thereby helping translate the RNA code into a functional protein. Mutations in the DNA sequence can lead to changes in the protein produced, and can result from replication errors or environmental impacts, known as mutagens.