Final answer:
The decrease in failure rates for a second urinalysis in the HOPE program can be attributed to increased support, stricter penalties, and improved awareness among participants.
Step-by-step explanation:
Participants in Hawaii’s Opportunity Probation with Enforcement (HOPE) program are less likely to fail a second urinalysis due to a combination of factors, including a. Increased support, which may involve more frequent contact with probation officers and access to resources for individuals battling substance abuse; b. Stricter penalties, where the consequences of failing a drug test are clear and consistently enforced, creating a strong deterrent effect; and c. Improved awareness, as participants become more educated about the negative impacts of drug use and the benefits of staying clean during their probation period. Unchanged procedures (d) is less likely to be a factor in reducing the failure rates for a second urinalysis, as the HOPE program is designed to implement changes that foster compliance and personal growth.