Final answer:
The note on the staff represents an E, which is played on the second string at the first fret on the guitar.
Step-by-step explanation:
The staff notation described suggests a black note with a stem on the fourth line from the bottom, which corresponds to the note E. On the guitar, this specific E is located on the second string, at the first fret. Therefore, the correct answer to the location of this note on the guitar is C) Second string, first fret. After the string is pressed against the fret and plucked, it will vibrate and produce a sound corresponding to the note E with a specific frequency. The tuning and playing of guitar strings involve physical principles such as wave interference and wavelength changes caused by the varying lengths of the strings when fretted.