Final answer:
The process that utilizes glucose produced in photosynthesis for synthesizing proteins is translation, which involves the assembly of proteins at the ribosome guided by mRNA sequences.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process that utilizes glucose produced in photosynthesis to synthesize proteins is translation. During photosynthesis, plants produce glucose, which is then utilized in various cellular processes. One key destination for glucose is the production of amino acids, which are necessary for protein synthesis. The Calvin cycle, a part of photosynthesis, generates G3P (Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate) which can be converted to glucose and other organic molecules. These molecules enter various pathways, including the amino acid synthesis pathway, where they serve as precursors for protein construction.
Specifically, during translation, ribosomes synthesize proteins by reading the sequence of mRNA, which has been transcribed from DNA and carries the genetic instructions for protein assembly. Amino acids are linked together in the order specified by the mRNA to form a polypeptide chain, which will fold into a functional protein. Neither glycolysis, transcription, nor the Krebs cycle is directly involved in the synthesis of proteins from glucose. However, they do play a role in generating ATP and other molecules that provide the energy and substrates for the protein synthesis process.