Final answer:
Removing an organism from a food chain can change the populations of other organisms, with increases or decreases depending on the organism's role in the ecosystem.This statement is true.
Step-by-step explanation:
Removing an organism from a food chain does indeed cause the populations of other organisms to change. In a food chain, each organism occupies a specific trophic level and plays a role in the movement of energy and matter through the ecosystem.
If a predator is removed, for example, its prey population may increase due to lack of predation, which could then lead to overconsumption of the prey's food sources and a potential collapse of that population. Conversely, if a primary producer is removed, all organisms that depend on it for food - directly or indirectly - could decrease in number.