Final answer:
The character traits of Hassan and Amir are revealed through their actions, with Hassan depicted as courageous and loyal, and Amir as selfish and unkind. The Shahnama presents themes of courage and ethics, complicated by the evolution of hero attributes over time. Differences in character perceptions versus reality are explored through the concept of wearing masks. Option a is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The character traits of Hassan and Amir in the provided text can be understood through their actions and the descriptions provided. Hassan is portrayed as courageous and loyal. The textual support for this claim could involve instances where Hassan stands up for Amir or goes out of his way to assist him, despite potential dangers to himself. In contrast, Amir may be depicted as selfish and perhaps unkind, especially if there are scenes where he prioritizes his own interests over those of Hassan, or fails to demonstrate empathy and support for his friend.
When characters wear "masks" or veil their identities, it suggests there may be a disparity between their outward appearance and inward intentions, leading to deeper narrative exploration of true versus perceived identities. Furthermore, comparing how western Europeans viewed the East and the khanates, the excerpts may suggest a mixture of fascination, exoticism, and possibly misconceptions or biases shaped by cultural differences and specific historical contexts.
Regarding the Shahnama, this epic is filled with adventure and moral lessons about courage and ethics. It contrasts the fantastical and courtly life with a fatalistic view of the world, encouraging readers to navigate a world full of challenges with honor and wisdom. Thus, the attributes of a hero, as demonstrated in the Shahnama, are complex and may evolve over time. A trait deemed positive in one context may become a tragic flaw in another, depending on circumstances and consequences.