Final answer:
C. Representative Democracy
The US Constitution outlines a Representative Democracy, where citizens elect representatives to govern, distinct from absolute monarchies or oligarchies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of governmental system outlined in the US Constitution is a Representative Democracy. In this system, also known as a republic, the citizens elect representatives to govern on their behalf. This stands in contrast to other forms of government, such as absolute monarchies, where a monarch has unrestricted power, and oligarchies, where a small group holds all the power. The US Constitution provides for electoral processes, separation of powers, and a system of checks and balances that are characteristic of a representative democracy.