Final answer:
The Songhai Empire expanded under the leadership of Sunni Ali, who began conquests that turned Gao into a formidable empire. His successor, Askia the Great, continued to grow and strengthen the empire, especially through Islam and control over trade routes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Songhai Empire and Its Leadership
The Songhai Empire began its expansion under the leadership of Sunni Ali. Around 1375, Gao, previously a tributary state of Mali, declared independence under Sunni Ali, marking the start of the empire's rise. Sunni Ali was a formidable military strategist and under his command, the Songhai Empire saw significant territorial expansion including the annexation of Mema, the capture of Timbuktu, and the seizure of Djenné. His conquests led to the creation of one of medieval Africa's largest empires.
Following Sunni Ali, Askia the Great further strengthened the empire during its golden age, making it a center for Islamic learning and a hub for trans-Saharan trade. However, despite early successes, the empire ultimately faced decline and was conquered by the Saadi dynasty from Morocco in 1591. The Songhai Empire began with much conquest under the leadership of Sunni Ali. Sunni Ali broke away from the Mali Empire and gradually expanded his kingdom, capturing territories such as Mema, Timbuktu, and Djenné. He converted the small kingdom of Gao into the large empire of Songhai, which encompassed the area of ancient Ghana and Mali combined.