Final answer:
The technological advancements and navigational aids that facilitated long-distance sea travel during that time were the lateen sail, sternpost rudder, astrolabe, and magnetic compass.
Step-by-step explanation:
The technological advancements and navigational aids that facilitated long-distance sea travel during the time mentioned were the lateen sail, the sternpost rudder, the astrolabe, and the magnetic compass.
The lateen sail, invented by Arab sailors, allowed ships to maneuver against the wind. The sternpost rudder, created in China, enabled steering against the currents. The astrolabe, refined in the Middle East, used constellations to find the ship's north-south position. The magnetic compass, originating from China, provided direction guidance.
By combining these inventions, Europeans could confidently navigate in any direction and venture into the open ocean, beyond sight of land.