Final answer:
The Compromise of 1850 gave residents in the New Mexico territory the right to vote on whether their territory would be a slave or free state.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Compromise of 1850 gave residents in the New Mexico territory the right to vote on whether their territory would be a slave or free state. This was based on the principle of popular sovereignty, which meant that the residents of the territory could decide for themselves. The Compromise of 1850 allowed territories to submit suits directly to the Supreme Court over the status of fugitive slaves within its bounds.