Final answer:
The balloon car demonstrates Newton's third law of motion, where the larger amount of gas released from the balloon exerts a greater force, propelling the car farther.
Step-by-step explanation:
The balloon car described by the student is a good demonstration of Newton's third law of motion, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. As the gas is released from the balloon, it exerts a force in one direction, while the balloon car is pushed in the opposite direction. This law explains the propulsion of all rockets, jet engines, and deflating balloons, where matter is forcefully ejected from a system, causing a reactive force on the system in the opposite direction. Hence, when Ben and Dylan observed that the bigger they blew up the balloon, the farther the car moved, this was due to the larger amount of gas exerting a greater force when it was released, resulting in a greater reaction force propelling the car further.