Final answer:
Physical activity treats mild to moderate depression by increasing serotonin levels, reducing stress hormones, and improving cardiovascular health. Exercise also contributes to overall mental well-being and physical health benefits, including cognitive function and weight management.
Step-by-step explanation:
Physical activity can treat mild to moderate depression in the following ways: a) Increased serotonin levels in the brain, b) Reduced stress hormones, and d) Improved cardiovascular health. While c) Disruption of sleep patterns is not a treatment effect of physical activity, it is worth noting that regular aerobic exercise can improve sleep quality by promoting regular sleep patterns, which is beneficial for mental health.
Additionally, exercise contributes to mental well-being by reducing stress and improving body image and self-esteem. It also offers numerous physical health benefits, including increased cardiovascular and muscular fitness, bone density and strength, cognitive function, and assistance in weight management. Regular aerobic exercise has effects similar to antidepressants in treating depression due to increasing biosynthesis of neurochemicals that may act as euphoriants.
Physical exercise also increases blood flow to the brain and promotes the release of growth factors that can lead to the formation of new brain cells and pathways. These factors contribute to an increased level of neurotransmitters like serotonin, further enhancing mood and cognitive function.