Final answer:
The arguments cautioning that a strong central government could lead to an overpowered military, high taxes, and a threat to individual liberties were voiced by the Anti-Federalists during the debate over the Constitution's ratification.
Step-by-step explanation:
The arguments presented in the debate over ratification of the Constitution were made by Anti-Federalists. Anti-Federalists argued that a strong central government could lead to the abuse of military power, excessive taxation, corruption, and the erosion of individual liberties. They believed that the Constitution granted too much power to the federal government at the expense of the states and lacked a bill of rights to protect citizens' freedoms. On the other hand, the Federalists supported a strong central government and countered these concerns, eventually promising to add a bill of rights to the Constitution.