Final answer:
The utilitarian approach is concerned with behaviors that benefit oneself without harming others by focusing on the consequences of actions to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number.
Step-by-step explanation:
The approach to moral development that consists of identifying different ways one can behave in situations that will benefit oneself without harming others is best described by the term utilitarian. The utilitarian approach, rooted in consequentialism, seeks to maximize benefits while minimizing harm to all affected by an action. It emphasizes the importance of the consequences of one's actions and aims to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number.
Virtue ethics, on the other hand, focuses on character and the cultivation of virtuous traits to determine moral behavior, while deontological approaches are grounded in duties or rules, such as following moral laws as proposed in Kant's concept of the categorical imperative. Neo-Kohlbergian theory expands on Kohlberg's original stages of moral development but does not specifically focus on personal benefit without harming others as a primary consideration.