Final answer:
Research reports that same-sex parents are as effective as opposite-sex parents, with some positive outcomes for children of lesbian couples and LGBTQ individuals after the legalization of same-sex marriage.
Step-by-step explanation:
Research reports that same-sex parents are as effective as opposite-sex parents, according to an analysis of 81 parenting studies by sociologists. The analysis found no quantifiable data to support the notion that opposite-sex parenting is any better than same-sex parenting. In fact, children of lesbian couples were shown to have slightly lower rates of behavioral problems and higher rates of self-esteem. Additionally, the nationwide legalization of same-sex marriage had positive outcomes for the emotional and mental wellbeing of LGBTQ people.
Changes in societal views of marriage and family reflect increasing diversity in family structures, which now include single parents, cohabitation, same-sex couples, and unwed parents. Sociologists argue that notions of family are becoming more inclusive, adaptable to the needs of its members, and less constrained by traditional structures. This coincides with a growing social acceptance of same-sex marriage and a shift toward acknowledging different family compositions.