Final answer:
A radio transforms electromagnetic waves into sound waves by receiving encoded radio-frequency signals, which are then decoded and played through a speaker.
Step-by-step explanation:
The energy transformation performed by a radio involves converting electromagnetic waves into sound waves. Here's a simplified explanation of the process: A DJ at the radio station plays music which is transformed into electromagnetic waves. These waves are then encoded and transmitted across the radio-frequency range. Your radio receives these waves, decodes the information they carry, and ultimately uses a speaker to convert them back into sound waves, allowing you to hear the music.
Low frequency, lower-energy electromagnetic radiation, such as the kind used by AM radios, is considered nonionizing, while higher frequency, higher-energy electromagnetic radiation, like that used in FM radios, is ionizing. An important component in this process is the antenna, which can induce oscillating currents when interacting with incoming electromagnetic waves. These currents are then amplified by electrical components within the radio and finally converted back into audio format for the listener's enjoyment.