Final answer:
The evidence supporting climate change's effect on increasing ocean temperatures includes direct measurements showing a warming trend and associated impacts such as rising sea levels due to both ice melt and the thermal expansion of water.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the evidence supporting the notion that climate change has caused ocean temperatures to increase, D) Rising ocean temperatures is directly relevant. This increase is due to a variety of factors, including increases in greenhouse gas emissions which trap more heat within the Earth's atmosphere, leading to warming of the ocean's surface waters. Measurements of global land and ocean temperatures show an overall warming trend, while rising sea levels and the melting of glaciers and ice caps also provide supporting evidence, as they are partly due to the expansion of water as its temperature increases. As ocean temperatures rise, we see other associated changes, such as shifts in marine populations due to the altered conditions in their habitats. Climate change effects are also evidenced by an increasing number of extreme weather events and changes in precipitation patterns. All these factors are intertwined, confirming that global temperatures have shown a steady increase since the Industrial Revolution largely due to human activities.