Final answer:
Genetic diversity is the variation in genes within a species, which is crucial for adaptation and evolution. It refers to differences in the genetic makeup among individuals and is a key focus in conservation efforts to maintain species' ability to survive. Genetic diversity is essential for a species' adaptability to environmental changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Definition of Genetic Diversity
Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genes within a species, a taxonomic group, or an ecosystem. It encompasses differences in the genetic makeup between individuals within a population and between populations. This diversity is the essential raw material for evolution and adaptation in a species. The future potential for a species to adapt and evolve largely depends on the genetic diversity present in the genomes of its individual members. For higher taxonomic categories, a genus with varied types of species exhibits more genetic diversity than a genus whose species are genetically similar and share similar ecologies.
The importance of genetic diversity is evident in its role as a crucial factor in a species' ability to respond to environmental changes and survive. Conservation efforts often focus on preserving genetic diversity to maintain the health and viability of species and ecosystems. The genetic heterogeneity found within species is a critical component that enables adaptation to local conditions, which is particularly visible in the different varieties of crops that have been selected for specific traits over time.