Final answer:
Element symbols are one to two letters long, with the first letter always capitalized. Beryllium, phosphorus, germanium, and darmstadtium are represented by the symbols Be, P, Ge, and Ds respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The symbols for elements, including those with long names, are generally one or two letters, with the first letter always capitalized. This system allows for easy identification of elements and is fundamental in the field of chemistry. The symbols for beryllium, phosphorus, and germanium, based on English or Latin names, are Be, P, and Ge, respectively. For elements with atomic numbers greater than 112, they may use a three-letter symbol, like darmstadtium, which is Ds. It's important to note that only the first letter of an element symbol is capitalized to distinguish it from two-letter compounds like CO (carbon monoxide), which contains carbon and oxygen.
Element symbols are one to two letters long, with the first letter always capitalized. Beryllium, phosphorus, germanium, and darmstadtium are represented by the symbols Be, P, Ge, and Ds respectively.