Final answer:
Cell fractionation is the technique used to separate different cell parts, involving breaking open cells and differential centrifugation to isolate organelles based on mass.
Step-by-step explanation:
The technique used to separate the different cell parts is cell fractionation. This process involves breaking open the cells to release their contents, which can be done by physical means such as grinding, ultrasound, high pressure, or the use of enzymes. Afterward, the subcellular organelles and particles are isolated from the cytoplasm by differential centrifugation, which separates particulate components based on their mass. Centrifugation at progressively higher speeds will result in the isolation of cellular components such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, nuclei, ribosomes, and others for further examination.