Final answer:
The market revolution in the United States between 1790 and 1850 brought about significant economic and social transformations. It marked the transition from home production to factory production, with market transactions becoming more important than social relationships. The revolution led to the rise of cities, increased agricultural focus in the South, and changes in political participation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The market revolution refers to the period of economic and social transformations that occurred in the United States between 1790 and 1850. During this time, the country transitioned from home production to factory production, with traditional controls over production, distribution, and exchange giving way to market transactions. Supply, demand, and price became more important in economic transactions than social relationships. This shift was driven by factors such as the availability of resources, territorial expansion, advances in transportation, and the development of interchangeable parts and integrated mills.
One key transformation during the market revolution was the rise of cities as centers of commerce and manufacturing, while the countryside became a source for raw materials. This led to a shift in the economic and social landscape, with farmers embracing regional and distant markets, artisans experiencing the division of labor in factories, and wage labor becoming more common. Another significant change was the increasing focus on agriculture in the South, while the North industrialized.
In terms of politics, the market revolution had an impact on voting rights. Between 1816 and 1828, most states stopped tying the right to vote to property ownership, leading to an increase in the number of white men being able to vote. The market revolution also brought about a shift towards a democracy guided by the will of the people expressed in popular elections, deviating from the framers' vision of a republic led by enlightened elites.