Final answer:
Melody is the element of music that is primarily associated with the pitch of a musical note, distinguished by the linear succession of musical tones perceived as a cohesive sequence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The element of music primarily associated with the pitch of a musical note is melody. Pitch perception is directly related to frequency and distinguishes one note from another. For instance, even if two different musical instruments play the same note at the same loudness, they can sound different due to their distinct timbre, which concerns tone quality resulting from a complex interplay of frequencies and amplitudes.
However, it is melody that specifically deals with the aspect of pitch and the linear succession of musical notes that listeners perceive as a single entity.