Final answer:
The elements K and Na are paired together as they are both alkali metals. F and Cl are paired as they are both halogens. P and N can be considered a pair due to similar nonmetallic properties, even though they aren't in the same group. K and Cl would not form a pair as they belong to different groups with different properties.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of this question is to group elements that would be expected to show similar chemical properties. This question revolves around understanding the periodic table and the grouping of elements by their chemical behaviors. In the periodic table, elements that exhibit similar properties are grouped together in columns called groups or families. For example, the alkali metals, including lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K), are found in Group 1 and have similar reactivity and form compounds generally in a ratio of two of their atoms to one oxygen atom. Halogens such as fluorine (F) and chlorine (Cl), located in Group 17, also show similar chemical properties. Based on this understanding, the correct pairs from the options given that would show similar chemical properties are:
- K and Na (both alkali metals)
- F and Cl (both halogens)
- P and N (both nonmetals in the same period, they often form similar types of compounds due to having five valence electrons, although they are not in the exact same group, they share similar chemical behaviors)
Therefore, the pairs are: (a) K, Na (b) F, Cl and possibly (c) P, N considering their similarities despite not being in the same group. (d) K, Cl would not be a correct pairing as potassium is an alkali metal and chlorine is a halogen, thus they exhibit different chemical behaviors.