Final answer:
A researcher who seeks an accurate reflection of the entire population needs a representative sample to ensure the reliability of the study. Random sampling and other unbiased techniques are vital for the validity of research findings. Biased samples, such as convenience samples, do not accurately represent the community and can mislead research outcomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Gathering a representative sample is most critical to a researcher who c) Seeks an accurate reflection of the entire population. A representative sample is essential since it ensures that every individual in the target population has an equal chance of being included in the study, which is crucial for the validity and reliability of the research findings. By contrast, a convenient or selectively chosen sample could introduce bias and would not accurately represent the community. To avoid such bias, methods like random sampling, stratified sampling, or cluster sampling may be employed by researchers to ensure that they gather a sample that accurately reflects the overall population they aim to study.
For example, when surveying opinions on a new policy, polling companies utilize skilled statisticians to create a sample that accurately reflects the views of the entire voting population. They do this to generate results that politicians can trust as representing the opinion of likely voters, thereby enhancing the chance that the results will influence policy.
Therefore, whether it's a nationwide election poll or a market research survey, obtaining a random sample that is representative of the larger population is fundamental to the success and validity of a study.