Final answer:
The functions of behavior are rooted in two main categories: innate and learned behaviors. Innate behaviors are instinctual and not influenced by the environment, while learned behaviors are acquired through environmental interaction. These behaviors influence human interactions and societal norms by setting expectations and patterns of communication and cultural practices.
Step-by-step explanation:
Functions of Behavior Categories
The functions of behavior are categorized into two main types: innate behaviors and learned behaviors.
a) The two categories are:
- Innate behaviors, which are instinctual and not influenced by the environment.
- Learned behaviors, which are acquired through interaction with the environment and through experience.
b) Examples of each category include:
- For innate behaviors: A spider spinning a web or a bird migrating are examples of behaviors that are hardwired and occur naturally within a species.
- For learned behaviors: A person learning to play an instrument or a child learning a language are behaviors acquired through interaction, practice, and cognitive learning.
c) These behaviors influence human interactions by setting expectations and patterns of interactions. Innate behaviors, such as facial expressions, play a role in nonverbal communication, while learned behaviors influence skills, knowledge, and cultural norms that are shared and taught within societies.
d) The impact of these behaviors on societal norms is significant. Innate behaviors help form the foundation of universal human expressions and reactions, whereas learned behaviors are crucial for the continuation and evolution of cultural practices and societal growth. The expectation of these behaviors in different social roles and settings forms the baseline for what is considered normal within a society.