Final answer:
The correct answer is Patriarchy. In many cultures, families favor sons because they can carry on the family name, leading to the prevalence of patriarchy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is b) Patriarchy.
In many cultures, families favor sons because they can carry on the family name. This has led to the prevalence of patriarchy, which is a widespread gender ideology that positions men as rulers of private and public life. Patriarchy is characterized by men being recognized as the heads of the family, controlling family resources and making decisions, while women and children are subordinate and expected to play a supportive role.
Examples of cultures with patrilineal descent, where only males carry on the family surname, include rural China and India. In these societies, males have the prestige of permanent family membership, while females are seen as temporary members.