Final answer:
It is true that in Mendelian genetics, alleles segregate during gamete formation, resulting in gametes containing only one allele for each gene. This segregation is a key aspect of Mendel's first law of inheritance, often explained by the process of meiosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Mendelian genetics, the statement is true that alleles of each gene from the parents will segregate from each other, so the gametes only carry one each. During gamete formation, the alleles for each gene segregate from one another such that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene, in accordance with Mendel's law of segregation.
Each organism inherits two alleles for each characteristic, one from each parent, which may either be identical, in the case of homozygous organisms, or different, as seen in heterozygous organisms. This ensures that offspring receive genetic variation, as the combination of maternal and paternal alleles occurs during fertilization. It's critical to note that this law is explained by the process of meiosis, the division of sex cells, which during meiosis I ensures that each gamete ends up with just one allele of each gene.