Final answer:
Kotlowitz would argue that the principal effect of violence is a desensitizing and aggressive impact on individuals.
Step-by-step explanation:
Kotlowitz would argue that the principal effect of violence is a desensitizing and aggressive impact on individuals. Studies have shown that exposure to violent media content can lead to a decrease in sensitivity towards violence and an increase in aggressive thoughts and behaviors. For example, Krahe et al. (2011) found a correlation between violent media content and desensitization and aggression. Similarly, Gentile, Mathieson, and Crick (2011) found that exposure to media violence among children can result in both physical and relational aggression.