Final answer:
Rusting is a slow chemical process involving the redox reactions of iron in the presence of water and oxygen, leading to iron oxides, known as rust. This process is costly to manage, and various methods are used to prevent or minimize rusting, such as applying protective coatings to metals.
Step-by-step explanation:
Rusting is the result of a chemical process where iron is transformed through contact with water and oxygen, resulting in iron oxides, commonly known as rust. This type of corrosion can take time because it involves a series of redox reactions. Initially, iron is oxidized to iron (II) ions by oxygen. As the process continues, these iron (II) ions undergo further oxidation in the presence of water and oxygen gas to produce hydrated iron (III) oxide, or rust. The presence of water, particularly when it maximizes its contact with the metal through adhesive forces, accelerates the process, which can be observed in objects continuously exposed to moisture and can lead to surface breakdown, cracking, and flaking of the metal.
Rusting can be considered a 'slow burn,' releasing energy similarly to a combustion reaction but at a pace so slow that no noticeable change in temperature occurs. To combat rust and reduce corrosion, various prevention methods are employed, such as applying paint to create a barrier against water. However, if paint becomes scratched or dirty, it can attract water, exacerbating the rusting process. The economic impact of corrosion is significant, with enormous costs to infrastructure and repairs amounting to billions of dollars annually.