Final answer:
An oligarchy is governed by a small elite group, often securing power through means other than popular elections, leading to inequality and limited social mobility. In contrast, a democracy distributes power broadly among citizens through elected representatives, promoting equal rights and opportunities for all.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ruling group in an oligarchy differs significantly from a democracy in that power is concentrated in the hands of a few. In an oligarchy, this elite group, not chosen by the general population, wields significant influence and control over the governance and policies of a nation. This contrasts with a democracy, where power is distributed more evenly among the citizens, and government officials are elected to represent the people's interests.
In an oligarchy, ascension to power may be through military might, economic strength, or other forms of dominance, rather than through a system of free and fair elections. Furthermore, oligarchic societies may experience significant social stratification, where the rights and privileges of the elite are prioritized over the needs of the broader population. This can lead to systemic inequality and limited social mobility, as the ruling class implements policies that safeguard their status and wealth.
Conversely, democratic societies strive for more egalitarian principles, attempting to uphold the idea of equal rights and opportunities for all citizens. Although some analysts argue that many nations that identify as democracies may exhibit oligarchic traits, the fundamental difference lies in the broader participation of the populace in government decision-making. Elected officials in democracies are accountable to their constituents, and regular elections are held to ensure that leaders can be replaced if they do not adequately represent the will of the people.