Final answer:
Glucose is moved from the small intestine to the blood capillaries via active transport, which requires energy as it goes against the concentration gradient.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process that moves glucose from the small intestine into the blood capillaries is active transport. This process is necessary because the concentration of glucose inside the intestinal cells is typically higher than in the small intestine's lumen. During active transport, glucose binds to a carrier protein that also binds two Na+ ions. As glucose and Na+ are bound to this carrier, they are moved into the cell and eventually glucose diffuses into the blood. To maintain a gradient for the Na+ ions, they are expelled from the cell into the bloodstream, swapping for K+ ions through the Na+/K+ ATPase pump, which uses ATP as an energy source.
Hence, the movement against the concentration gradient requires energy and is defined as active transport. Galactose is absorbed in a similar manner through active transport. Active transport requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient. This process ensures that glucose is efficiently absorbed into the blood from the small intestine.