Final answer:
The period from 1800 to 1899 is described as the Industrial Revolution, characterized by widespread socio-economic changes and technological advancements that marked a transition to industrialized societies. Hence, the correct answer is option (C).
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes the period from 1800 to 1899 in history is C. The Industrial Revolution. This era was marked by tremendous change and innovation, significantly impacting art, socioeconomic structures, and technology. The period saw the rise of the industrial economy, a thriving middle class, and rapid advancements across various sectors, including transportation and manufacturing.
This revolution played a crucial role in transitioning societies from agrarian economies to industrialized ones, where prosperity grew and new social classes emerged.