Final answer:
Economic opportunities and family reunification are pull factors, while political instability and violence, and lack of access to healthcare and education are push factors that drive immigration from South and Central America to North America.
Step-by-step explanation:
Two pull factors of immigration from South and Central America to North America are economic opportunities and family reunification. Economic opportunities attract immigrants to North America in search of better jobs, higher wages, and improved living standards. Family reunification also serves as a strong pull factor, as immigrants may have family members who have already settled in North America and they want to be reunited with them.
Two push factors of immigration from South and Central America to North America are political instability and violence and lack of access to healthcare and education. Political instability and violence can drive people away from their home countries due to concerns for their safety and the safety of their families. Lack of access to healthcare and education can also push people to migrate in search of better opportunities and resources.