Final answer:
The Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn are the two tropics that run beside the equator and cover much of Latin America, creating the tropical climate zone with the most direct sunlight throughout the year.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Tropic of Cancer lies at a latitude of 23.5 degrees north of the equator and is the northern boundary of the tropics. It is the furthest north where the sun can appear directly overhead at noon, which happens during the summer solstice around June 20 or 21. The Tropic of Capricorn is located at 23.5 degrees south of the equator, marking the southern boundary of the tropics. It is the furthest south where the sun can be directly overhead, occurring during the southern hemisphere's summer solstice around December 21 or 22.
The region between these two parallels—the tropical climate zone—is characterized by having the most direct sunlight throughout the year, with seasonal variations influenced by the tilt of the Earth's axis. This region supports diverse plant and animal life, as well as human populations that have thrived there from ancient times. Additionally, the Arctic Circle and the Antarctic Circle are located far beyond the tropics near the poles and have no direct influence on the tropical climate of Latin America.